in patten



15 Sheets-Sheet 1.. J. PATTEN.

1GB MACHINE.

(No Model.)

WITNESSES (No Model.) 15 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. PATTEN.

ICE MAGHINB.

No. 301,4 57. Patented Ju1y1,1884.

'IIIIIIIIl/IIIIT I 1518heeiis-Sheet 3. VJ. PATTEN. ICE MAQHINB- (No Moder.)

Patented July 1, 1884."

ATTORNEYS.

15 Sheets-Sheet 4; J. PATTEN.

(No Model.)

ICE MACHINE.

Patented July 1, 1884.

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INVBNTOR BY k3,,

WITNESSES: A4. gyiwwm 15 Sheets-8heet 5. J. PATTEN.

10B MACHINE.

(No Model.)

No. 301,457. Patnted July 1, 1884.

wnmsns i INVENTOR 1 B M ATTORNEYS.

15 Sheets-Sheet a.

J. PATTEN.

(No Modem ICE MACHINE.

NVENTOR WITNESSES 1 Arrows "(No Model.)

J. PATTEN'.

15 Sheets-Sheet 8.

I63 MACHINE.

Patented July 1, 1884.

lIfIgVEN'JYOR Bffif ATTORNEYS. I

15 slime-sheen 9. J. PATTEN.

ICE MAGHINE.

(No Model.)

Patented July 1, 1884.

ATTORNEYS.

15 Shbets-$heet 10.

I (No Model.) I

' J. PATTEN.

ICE MACHINE.

No. 301,457. Patented July 1, 1884. A

ATTORNEYS.

(No Model.)

' 15 Sheets8heet 13. J. PATTEN.

ICE MACHINE. v No. 301,457. Patented July 1, 1884.

WITNESS INVENTOR:

AR/ B E E 9 j7 4mdj 1 ATTORNEYS.

15 Sheets-Sheet 14. J. PATTEN.

ICE MACHINE.

(No Model.)

Patented July 1, 1884.

- VENTOR:

m A m m T a m 77 A ATTORNEYS.

15 Sheets-Shet 15.

(No Model.)

J. PATTEN.

IGE MACHINE.

INVENTOR 53 5 WITNESSES ATTORNEYS.

. water from being evaporated.

.high as in the vessel B.

ly less than the interior diameter of the cylindrical vessel A. The vessel B is provided with a flanged neck, Y, to which a pipe lead ing to a vapor-exhaust apparatus can be coupled. A. water-inlet pipe, 3, leads to the bottom of the vessel B, and is provided with a valve, B", attached to a lever connected 'with a lloat, B, contained in a suitable receptacle, ll", in which the water can rise as A transverse partition, i, is provided in the cylindrical vessel I i, the said partition B being so arranged that the middle of itsi'ree edge is on the central longitmlinal axis of the vessel B. That part of the vessel B b'elow the partition B" contains the water, and the partition B" is to cover the upper surface of the water and prevent the An agitator, B ,.consisting of a"hub orcylinder having wings, is journaled in the vessel B below the partition B".- A hollow piston, G, fitting closely in the cylindrical vessel B, and thus having a smaller diameter than the cylinder A, is rigidly mounted on a tubular shaft, U, which is journaled in a ,hub, C, of a bevel cog-whcel, C, which hub is held to revolve in the neck of the head 0 of the cylinder A. The tubular shaft 0 is j ournaled in the free edge of the partition B in such a manner that the intersection of the central line of the tubular shaft and the. middle of the free edge of the partition B will be exactly on the central longitudinal axis of the cylinder A. The lower end of the tubular shalt is closed and projects into a tubular pocket, B", projecting from the end wall of the compartment or vessel B. The upper end, 0'', of the tubular shaft 0 is screw-threaded, and is adapted to be screwed .intheinternally-threaded part of a tube, (1, held on the central neck or hub of the head and projecting from the same. A rod, 0, is-screwed'in the end (F' of the tubu lar shaft (3', and projects from the outer end outer end of the said shaft is mounted a beltpulley, 0, over which a belt can be passed for of the tube 0, in which it is suitably journaled. A bevel-pinion, 12, engages with the bevel cog-wheel C' resting against the inner surface of the head 0*, which bevel-pinion is contained in a suitable compartment formed in the head. The bevel -pinion c is rigidly mounted on a shaft, 0, suitably journaled, and on the revolving the disk 0. \Vhen the machine is started, the piston O is contained in the compartment B and rests against the free edge of the partition B, and the flange a of the cylinder A must rest closely against the flange II of the compartment B. \Vater is admitted into the compartment B and rises up to the under. surface of the partition B". If the level of the water falls', the float B will fall with it, and will open the valve B admitting a greater supply of water, and the float thus regulates the quantity of water in the compartment B. The bevel cog-wheel U is rotated from the bevel-pinion c, and rotates the tubular shaft U,wh ich is keyed thereianin such a manner that lhe tubular shaft can slide in the bevel cog-wheel, and at the same time the bevel cog-wheel'can revolve the shaft. If the shaft 0' is revolved, the piston (3 will also be revolved, and half of the surface of the piston will be in contact with the water, the other half being in the vacuum-chamber in the upper part of the compartment B. ,A partial vacuum is formed in the upper part of the compartmentor vessel B by a very power fnl exhaust apparatus, vapor-pump, or other suitable device, and this vacuum causes an evaporation of a portion of the ice or of the water on the exposed surface of the disk or piston (3. By this evaporation heat is taken from the ice or water, and the water congeals on the exposed surface of the piston U and a layer of ice -is formed, as the piston C revolves eontinuously. While the ice is passi ng through the vacuum-cllumber, a portion of the ice vaporizes, thereby reducing the temperature of its surface several degrees below the freezingpoint, so that when the ice is sulnnerged in the water in the lower compartment the water with which it comes in contact will freeze to it, thereby increasing its thickness from one sixty-fourth to one-eighth of an inch. The water carried up by the ice-surface as it passes into the vacuumchamber is frozen, the surface of the ice is cooled below the freezingpoint again, and so on. Every revolution adds a fresh layer of ice to the block of ice, which, in reality, consists of a spiral of ice. 'As the cylinder of ice grows it forces the piston in the direction of the arrow athat is, toward the head of the cylinder Anntil finally the threaded end of the tubular shaft 0 engages in the threaded part of the tube 0, and thereby the tubular shaft 0 and the-piston G will be drawn up in the direction of the arrow a. Thereby the tubular shaft 0 will be entirely withdrawn from the compartment B, and, with .and steam is admittedinto the tubular shaft 0, which steam passes through a suitable aperture, 0. into the hollow piston G. The steam rapidly'heats the tubular shaft 0 and the piston O, and thereby the cylinder of ice will be released from the tubular shaft and the piston, and will slide out of the cylinder A, as shown in Fig. 2. Now the machine is ready for making another block of ice. The agitatorB is to agitate the water, so that all parts of the end of the block or piston will be moistened.

Referring to Figs. 5 to 9,inclusive, the tubular shaft C is jonrnaled centrally in a cylindrical vessel,D,eonnected by a series of tubes or necks, l),with a pipe, D connected with a vapor-exhaust apparatus. On one end of the tubular shaft U is mounted a cog-wheehd,

engaging with a pinion, d,1mounted on the same shaft with a belt-pulley, 11, whereby the tubular shaft canbe rotated. The cylindrical vessel D is composed of two semi-cylindrical sections, which are hinged to each other, the upper end being adapted to be swung over to permit the removal of the block of ice I. On the tubular shaft two hollow pistons, E, are mounted, which fit closely against the inner surface of the cylindrical vessel D. A series of sliding partitions, E E, are held transversely at the middle of the cylinder, the partitions being so arrangedthat one can slide under the other, the, end partitions having their' outer edges beveled downward, so that .the outer edges of the said partitions will coincide with the horizontal axis of the pistons E.

' The partitions can be provided with springs y for pressing them toward the pistons; or they can be adjusted to restaga'inst the pistons bcfore starting the machine, and can have very close joints, so that they will not slide too easily. The lower part of the cylindrical ves sel D is filled with water. The tubular shaft 0 is revolved and the air is' exhausted from the upper part of the cylindrical vessel, so that half of the pistons It will be exposed to the. partial vacuum, and the other half will be in the water Contained in the lower part of the cylindrical vessel D. As the shaft 0' revolves and the pistons E revolve with it, the moistened .each' other, one

surfaces of the pistons E will be exposed to the partial vacuum, tons E will be congealed, and thereby successive layers of ice will be formed on-both sides of the pistons that pistons will gradually be increased on both sides, the diameter remaining the same. As

verse partitions E are gradually pushed under partition sliding under the other,un til the blocks of iced. extend from the edge of one neck other neck. The partitions being vaporized, above the partitions by the ice and the iceitself can vaporize, whereby the surface of the ice is cooled to such an extent that a layer of ice will be formed, and, so ou. After the blocks or cylinders of ice hai e'been formed, the up- I per part of the cylindrical vessel D is swung upward, and the blocks are lifted out of the vessel D with the shaft 0, and then loosened from the shaft by admitting steam into the I shaft and into the hollow pistons.

Referring to Figs. 10 'to 12, inclusive, we have a machine constructed similarly to the one just described. The tubular shaft 0 is journaled'in a'cylindrical vessel, F, composed of two semi-cylindrical sections hinged to each other, the upper one of which is provided with a neck, F, connected with the pipe of a vapor-exhaust apparatus of some suitable kind. A small hollow piston, G, is mounted on the tubular shaft 0, which shaft is provided with and the water on the pisis,'the thickness. of the D'about to the edge of the E coverthe water and prevent the water under the same from so that only the water carried a cog-wheel, d, for revolving "it. transverse. horizontal sliding -plates, F, are held in the cylindrical vessel F, the said plates being adapted to slide in the direction of the length of the cylindrical vessel, and the lowest of the said plates having its outer edge beveled in such a manner that it will be exactly on the horizontal diameter of the cylindrical vessel F, the said beveled edge extending across the middle of the piston G. As the block of ice, I, formed around the piston Gincreases in thickness, it gradually pushes the plates from each other and toward theends of the cylindrical vessel. At the same time that the thickness of the block I increases its diameter also increases. Plates F are provided to rest against the periphery or circular edge of the block, which plates F are gradually pushed toward the sides of the cylindrical vessel 1* as the diameter of the block of ice increases. The plates F also slide under each other in the same manner as the plates F, and

A series of as has been described. The last machine dif fers from the one described before it, inas-- much as' that in the first machine the thickness only of the block increaseawhereas-in the last machine the thickness and diameter increase at the same time, The vapor is exhansted fron the' upper part of the cylindrical vessel F, and thereby the water on the surface of the piston or ,of the block. formed on the piston will be congealed, the fresh icesurface thus formed is again moistened, and the water is again congealed, and so on; The block of ice is thus gradually enlarged.

Referring to Figs. 13 and 14', the tubular shaft 0 is journaledin a cylindrical vessel, H, and is provided at one end with the gear wheel d,f or revolving it. The cylindrical vessel H is composed of two semi-cylindrical sections hinged to each other, of which the upper section, H, is providedwith a neck, H,

connectedwith the pipe of a vapor-exhaust apparatus In the under side of the upper section, H, of the cylindrical vessel H two wings, J J, are one end of the cylinder to the other, and are of such length that they can reach down to and come in contact with the surface of the tubular shaft 0 insuch a manner that their edges will rest on the tubular shaft in the horizontal plane. Thus exactly half of the shaft will be above and half below the free edges of the wings J The wings J are to be pivoted to the under side of the section H, as near the edges of the neck H aspossiblc. Springs 'J, of any suitable construction, canbe provided for pressing the free edges of the wings J against the tubular shaft 0, and the said springs can either be attached to the wings J in such a manner as to draw them together, or they can he attached to the wings and to the upper surface of the semi-cylindrical section H, and may consist of band or coiled springs. The free edges of the wings J are pressed against the sides of the tubular shaft 0', or against the cy- IIO pivoted, which extend from inder of ice formed on the same, will be congealed by the cold produced by evaporation, and as the shaft is being revolved a freshlymoistened surface will be continuously. exposed' to the partial vacuum and will be congealed, and thereby a spiral layer of ice will be formed on the tubular shaft 0. The surface of the water in thelower part of the cylindrical vessel H will not be congealed, as the wings J prevent the vapor frombeing exrollers, K, resting on a suitable base.

hausted from those parts of the section H above the surface of the water. As the diameter of the cylinder of ice increases, the wings J are pressed toward the sides of .the section H, but always rest closely against the surface of the cylinder of ice, to prevent the vapor from being exhausted from the surface of the remaining water. After the block is formed,

the upper section, Hi, can be swung over to one side,- and theblock I of ice can be removed and released froriiithe shaft by admitting steam into the shaft in' ithe manner previously described. If desired, rubber or leather pack-' ing-strips can be placed on the ends of the wings.

Referring to Figs. 15 and .16, a cylindrical vessel, K, is mounted on two sets of journaled The heads K and K of the cylindrical vessel K are each provided'with a central aperture, K. The head K is made'removable, and is held on the end of the cylindrical vessel in any suitable manner. A trough, L, having a segmental cross-section, as shown in Fig. 15, and of the length of the cylindrical vessel K, in which it fits, is provided at the top with a neck, L, which is covered with a flexible tubeor hose, L connected by a pipe, L, with a water-supply tank or pump. The edges of the sides of the trough L are provided with bcads-or with rubber or leather packingstrips.

For operating the machine, vapor-exhaust pipes are coupled on one end of the cylinder, so that the vapor can be exhausted by means of any suitable vapor-exhausting apparatus. \Vater is then admitted through the pipe L and the hose L into the trough L, and the cylinderKis revolved by turning thepulleys K, or in any other suitable manner. The water moistens'the inner surface of the cylinder K,

and as the same revolves the entire inner sur-' face of the cylinder will be moistened. As the vapor is exhausted from the cylinder the water congeals and alayer of ice is formed. As the cylinder K revolves continuously, the water in the trough L will continue to moisten the inner surface of the cylinder of ice formed withtrough from the central bore of the cylinder of ice I. The air-exhaust pipes are disconnected, the trough L is withdrawn, the head K is removed, and the block of ice is taken out of the cylinder, and then the above-described operation is repeated.

Referring to Figs. 17, 18, and 19, a vertical cylindrical vessel, M, constructed of brick, stone, or other suitable material, so that it will not be apt to collapse, is provided with a laterally-projecting neck,'M, to which a vaporexhaust apparatus can be coupled, and with v.

twoopenings, M M, closed by suitable doors, through which openings the ice can be removed. The outer surface of the vessel can be provided with a coating of cement or other analogous suitable material, to prevent the air from leaking through the walls into the interior of the vessel. In the bottom of the cistern or vessel thus formed is a socket, M", for receiving the lower end of a vertical shaft, N, projecting through the top of the vessel or receptacle, on which shaft a cog-wheel, N, is journaled in such a manner that the shaft N can slide through the said'cog-wheel, but must turn with the cog-wheel. into a tubular casing, 0, formed on the top of a casing, O, secured firmly on the top of the cylindrical vessel or receptacle M. A pinion, O", engages with the cog wheel N, and is mounted on a shaft, 0, provided with a beltpulley, O, so that by jrevolving the said shaft the shaft N will be revolved. A tube, 1?, passes through a stuffing-box in the top of the casing 0, passes down through the easing 0 and through the cog wheel N, and extends down to a ring, P, surrounding the shaft N at its lower end. One or more radial boxes or inverted troughs, I, are secured on the lower'end of the shaft N, and extends almost to the inner surface of the vessel or receptacle M, so that the circle formed by the outer ends of the said boxes will be of less diameter than the interior of the said reeep-' tacle or vessel. The inverted troughs orboxes P are connected at their inner ends with the ring P, so that if water is conducted through the tube P it will enter the ring 1, and will be conducted into the several troughs I. When the operation begins, the bottom edges of the troughs or boxes I? rest on the bottom of the receptacle or vessel M, and if water is conducted into the.v boxes and the boxes are revolved by the shaft N, the floor of the receptacle will be moistened. The air is exhausted from the vessel, and the water on the bottom of the vessel M congeals and forms a The shaft projects thin layer of ice. As the boxes continue to rotate, water is brought in contact with the cold surface of the ice already formed, which water congeals to it and forms a fresh layer of ice, and so on. The block'of ice gradually hlllCl\'(!1lS,1lllLl thereby the boxes are moved upward,and the shalt Nand the tube l.',conn ected withlhe boxes, are also moved upward and slide into the casing U, the tube 1 sliding through the stul'ling-box at the top of the casing 0. This is continued until the block of ice l extends to the neck M; then the side openings, M, are opened, and the blockof ice is broken by means of suitableimplements inserted through the said openings, and the ice is removed through the openings.

in 'all the machines described. heretofore the water was distributed on the block of ice, or on the plate, disk, cylinder, .&c., on which the ice was to be formed, by a rotary movement; but the water can also be distributed by reei procating machinery, as shown in Figs. 20 and 21, which represent a strong cylindrical, square, or other suitable casing, (3,,which casing hasone fixed end, (3,, and a removable end, QF. Adjoining the fixed end Q, there is a transverse partition, it, and adjoining the removable end Q there is a removable transverse partition, lt' The bottom of the vessel Q is provided with tracks or rails (3,, extending from one end to the other, on which tracks or rails the wheels of a platform, It, run, the ends of which platform iit into rooves in the lower parts of the partitions it it". A series of inverted transverse troughs, S, are connected by-tubcs S, and one of the troughs S is provided with an upwardly-proieeting neck, C", which is connected by a ilexible tube or hose, 5, with a water-supply pipe, S. A connecting-rod, S, connects one of the troughs Swith a cmnk-ar n, m, a. the lower end of a verticalshaft, n, on which a cog-wheel, o, is keyed in such a manner that the shalt a revolves with the cog-whcei 0, but can slide through the same into a tubular casing, 3;, held in a casing, 11, secured on the top of v the vessel Q, and surrounding the cog-wheel o, and a pinion, q, engaging with the cogwhcel 0, and mounted on a shaft, 1-, provided with a belt-pulley, s. The lower end of the shaft n is held in a cross-piece, m, the ends of which slide in grooves t in the partitions It",

I fitting closely against the side edges of the the said eross-piece being adapted plat-form R,

The vessel to slide upward with the shalt a.

- Q, is provided with a neck, Q, to which a pipe can be coupled for eonnecting the compartment or vessel with a 'vapor-exhausting apparatus. \Vheu the machine is started, the

troughs S rest on the ph'ulform 1t, and the wa-' ter which is admitted to the troughs'moistcns the upper surface of the platform as soon as the troughs are reciprocatcd over the platform and as the vapor is exhausted from the compartment or vessel Q, the water distributed on the platform R will be congealed and a layer of ice formed. Aswaier is being spread continuously on the surface of the ice formed and the said watereongeals, layers of ice will be formed continually, and the block of ice-will increase in thickness, moving the troughs S upward with it,and also carrying the shaft a upward. When the block of ice is completed, partition R" are removed, and the platform It is drawn out of the receptacle or vessel Q, the ice is removed from the same, and the abovedescrihed operation will be repeated.

All the diflhrent forms and constructions of my improved ice-machine work on the same principle. The ice is formed by cooling a surface of ice a few degrees below the'freczingpoint byvaporizing part of the ice, then submerging this surface, and thereby causing a quantity of water to congeal to the surface, whereby a layer of ice from one sixty-fourth to one-eighth of an inch thick is formed, and so on. The temperature of the water is but slightly above the freezing point, so that when ice having a temperature of QU YFahrenbelt is brought in contact with water hav ing a temperature ofBB-i" the heat passes from the water to the ice, and as the water is thus cooled very rapidly it congeals on lhe surface ofthc ice, and thus increases the thicle ness of the same. The latent heat evolved by the freezing isabsorbed by the large block of ice. Naturally the ice can be formed by forcing cold air into the freezing device in place of producing the cold by vaporization.

Any suitable pump, blower, or vapor-ex hausting device can be used for exhausting the vapor in the freezing-chamber for the purpose of producing the cold required for congealing the water; but I prefer to use bellows of an especial construction, which I have shown in Figs. 22, 23, and 2;. A series of double bellows, T, are held between transverse partitions T of a frame, V, the bcllows-eompartments being separated by valve-compartments T-'-, each connected with the bellows and with a pipe, T", connected with an outlet-pipe,

T. The frame V is surrounded by a shell, 'V, of masonry or of metal, which shell, if made of masonry, must be cemented, so as to prevent the leakage of air. I The shell or ens-- ing 'V' is provided with a neck, V, to which the exhaust-p'ipc'of the ice-machine is coupled. The inner or adjoining ends of each pair of bellows T are secured to a transverse platform, W, which several platforms \Vare secured to a'piston-rod, 1V, passing through stuffing-boxes in the top of the casing V and in the top and bottom of the frame V. If the rod \V is moved upward, the bottom bellows that is, the bellows attached to the. under side of the plates \V-will be opened, and the vapor entering through the neck V will be drawn into the bellows. At the same time the upper bellows are compressed or closed, and the vapor'in them is forced out through the chambers T", the pi peT, and the pipe'l. When the the end if and the 

